Learn Arduino

symbols of components: symbols of : (1)unconnected wire (2)Transistor (3)push button (4)tilt switch (5)mosfet (6)motor (7)resistor (8)photo resistor (9)potentiometer symbols of components 2: symbols of : (1)polaraised capachitor (2)capachitor (3)battery (4)ground

Pushbutons :- Momentary switches that close a circuit when pressed. They snap into bread-boards easily. These are good for detecting on/off signals. Resistors :- Resist the flow of electrical energy in a circuit, changing the voltage and current as a result. Resistor values are measured in ohms (represented by the Greek omega character: Ω). The colored stripes on the sides of resistors indicate their value (see resistor color code table). Servo motor :- A type of geared motor that can only rotate 180 degrees. It is controlled by sending electrical pulses from your Arduino.These pulses tell the motor what position it should move to. Temperature sensor :- Changes its voltage output depending on the temperature of the component. The outside legs connect to power and ground. The voltage on the center pin changes as it gets warmer or cooler. Tilt sensor :- A type of switch that will open or close depending on its orientation. Typically they are hollow cylinders with a metal ball inside...

Optocoupler - This allows you to connect two circuits that do not share a common power supply. Internally there is a small LED that, when illuminated, causes a photoreceptor inside to close an internal switch. When you apply voltage to the + pin, the LED lights and the internal switch closes. The two outputs replace a switch in the second circuit Piezo - An electrical component that can be used to detect vibrations and create noises. Photoresistor - (also called a photocell, or light dependent resistor). A variable resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light that falls on its face. Male header pins :- These pins fit into female sockets, like those on a breadboard. They help make connecting things much easier. Potentiometer  :- A variable resistor with three pins. Two of the pins are connected to the ends of a fixed resistor. The middle pin, or wiper, moves across the resistor, dividing it into two halves. When the external sides of the potentiometer are connec...

Diode  :- Ensures electricity only flows in one di-rection. Useful when you have a motor or other high current/voltage load in your circuit. Diodes are polarized, meaning that the direction that they’re placed in a circuit maters. Placed one way, they allow current to pass through.Placed the other way, they block it. The anode side generally connects to the point of higher energy in your circuit. The cathode typically connects to the point of lower energy, or to ground. The cathode is usually marked with a band on one side of the component’s body.Gels (red, green, blue) - These filter out difer-  ent wavelengths of light. When used in con-junction with photoresistors, they cause the sensor to only react to the amount of light in the filtered color.  H-bridge :- A circuit that allows you to control the polarity of the voltage applied to a load, usually a motor. The H-bridge in the kit is an intigrated circuit, but it could also be constructed with a number of discrete components.   Jum...

  Arduino uno :- The microcontroller develop-ment board that will be at the heart of your projects. It’s a simple computer, but one that has no way for you to interact with it yet. You will be building the circuits and interfaces for interaction, and telling the microcontroller how to interface with other components. Batery Snap : - Used to connect a 9V battery to power leads that can be easily plugged into a breadboard or your Arduino. Breadboard :- A board on which you can build electronic circuits. It’s like a patch panel, with rows of holes that allow you to connect wires and components together. Versions that require soldering are available, as well as the solder-less type used here. Capacitors :- These components store and re-lease electrical energy in a circuit. When the circuit’s voltage is higher than what is stored in the capacitor, it allows current to flow in, giving the capacitor a charge. When the circuit’s voltage is lower, the stored charge is released. Often placed ...

ARDUINO MAKES IT AS EASY AS POSSIBLE TO PROGRAM TINY COMPUTERS CALLED MICROCONTROLLERS, WHICH ARE WHAT MAKE  OBJECTS INTERACTIVE You are surrounded by dozens of them every day : they are embedded in timers, thermostats, toys, remote controls, microwave ovens, even some toothbrushes.  They just do one specific task, and if you hardly notice them – which is ofen the case – it’s because they are doing it well. They have been programmed to sense  and control activity using sensors and actuators. Sensors listen to the physical world :  They convert energy that you give of when you press butons, or wave your arms, or shout, into electrical signals. Butons and knobs are sensors that you touch with your fingers, but there are many other kinds of sensors. Actuators take action in the physical world. They convert electrical energy back into physical energy, like light and heat and movement. Microcontrollers listen to sensors and talk to actuators:  They decide what to do based on a program that ...